Move normalizePath to regexes instead of looping

This is IMO a bit more readable and it seems to make the code faster.
Tested it on the company instance where there are over 3k calls to this
function. It shaves off around 10ms.

The advantage here is that the pattern gets optimized by php itsel and
cached.
Also looking for all patterns at the same time and especially no longer
looping for /./ patterns should save time.

Signed-off-by: Roeland Jago Douma <roeland@famdouma.nl>